Neurologic and sensory manifestations:
(1) ocular involvement: uveitis, episcleritis, iritis
(2) sensorineural hearing loss
(3) peripheral neuropathy
Inflammation of mesothelial-lined spaces:
(1) pleuritis
(2) pericarditis
Cardiopulmonary manifestations:
(1) bronchiectasis
(2) bronchitis or tracheobronchitis
(3) interstitial fibrosis
(4) myocarditis
Endocrine manifestations:
(1) thryoiditis with or without thyrotoxicosis (Basedow’s disease)
Skeletal manifestations:
(1) ankylosing spondylitis or sacroiliitis
(2) peripheral arthritis
(3) tendonitis
(4) osteopenia or osteoporosis
(5) growth retardation in pediatric patients
Skin manifestations:
(1) pyoderma gangrenosum
(2) erythema nodosum
Oral manifestations:
(1) lesions of the oral mucosa
(2) orofacial granulomastosis
Hematologic and vascular manifestations:
(1) thromboembolic disease
(2) vasculitis
(3) anemia (hemolytic, iron deficiency, megaloblastic)
(4) thrombocytosis
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic manifestations:
(1) pancreatitis
(2) primary sclerosing cholangitis
(3) cholelithiasis
(4) autoimmune hepatitis
Miscellaneous manifestations:
(1) nephrolithiasis (especially oxalate stones)
(2) sarcoidosis
(3) genital lymphedema (penile and scrotal)
The link to IBD in each condition can be demonstrated by:
(1) activity of the extraintestinal problem that is in parallel with activity of the intestinal inflammation.
(2) exclusion of other explanations
