A number of disorders outside of the central nervous system may be associated with hyperprolactinemia. Confirmation is achieved if the serum prolactin levels respond to control of the underlying disorder.
Extracranial disorders associated with hyperprolactinemia:
(1) breast stimulation
(2) prolonged physical or psychological stress
(3) spinal cord lesions
(4) lesions of the chest wall
(5) cirrhosis
(6) chronic renal failure
(7) hypothyroidism
(8) adrenal insufficiency
(9) polycystic ovary syndrome
(10) pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)
(11) paraneoplastic (breast cancer, other)
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