DES was prescribed from 1938 to 1971 in the United States. It continued to be available outside the US for several more years.
Problems in DES sons:
(1) benign epididymal cysts
(2) increased risk for urogenital malformations (testicular hypoplasia, undescended testis, microphallus)
(3) risk of testicular cancer may be increased related to testicular hypoplasia or undescended testis
Problems in sons of DES daughters:
(1) hypospadias
Screening recommendations if possible DES exposure:
(1) urogenital examination for malformations
(1) annual testicular examination by a health professional
(2) education on testicular self-examination with prompt reporting of any detected abnormalities
(3) monthly testicular self-examination if testicular hypoplasia, history of undescended testis, germ cell tumor on opposite side, or a family history of testicular cancer
