Tikuisis et al used a body surface scanner to develop equations for estimating body surface area (BSA). The authors are from Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine in Toronto.
Patient selection: adult from 18 to 65 years of age
For Males
Body Segment
Percent of BSA
Ratio SA to Volume
head and neck
8.01
30.28
torso
24.28
13.88
pelvis
7.36
11.58
thighs
20.26
24.43
lower legs
13.16
38.59
feet
6.16
67.59
upper arm
9.09
41.40
forearms
6.71
50.38
hands
4.95
103.90
For Females
Body Segment
Percent of BSA
Ratio SA to Volume
head and neck
8.64
32.29
torso
23.23
16.55
pelvis
7.77
12.52
thighs
21.64
24.59
lower legs
13.25
40.70
feet
5.92
74.89
upper arm
8.93
47.49
forearms
6.00
60.32
hands
4.62
122.52
In theory:
volume of segment in cubic meter =
= (surface area in square m) / (ratio)
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