Dry cleaning involves washing clothes in chemical solvents rather than water. The solvents are typically volatile and chlorinated; they are referred to as chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The most commonly used dry cleaning fluid is tetrachlorethylene (PCE, perchloroethylene). Others include trichloroethane and petroleum spirits.
In the past trichloroethylene (TCE) was used but this is carcinogenic and production was discontinued.
Adverse effects of dry cleaning fluids may include:
(1) abnormal vision
(2) cancer (bladder, esophagus, other)
(3) nephrotoxicity
(4) spontaneous abortion
(5) dermatitis
(6) hepatotoxicity
It is important that the dry cleaning fluids be used properly and that workers are protected against excessive exposure.
Dry cleaning operations can be important sources of urban ground pollution if the solvents leaked or were intentionally pumped into the ground.
The solvents can also be fire hazards if not handled properly.
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