Progressive upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction can be seen in a range of conditions.
Differential diagnosis of progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction includes:
(1) primary lateral sclerosis
(2) upper motor neuron-predominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(3) hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP)
(4) Alexander disease
(5) primary progressive multiple sclerosis
(6) anti-amphyphysin paraneoplastic syndrome
(7) adrenomyeloneuropathy
(8) tropical spastic paraparesis (HTLV-1, HTLV-2)
(9) syphilis
(10) lesion at the foramen magnum
(11) parafalcine meningioma
(12) spinal arteriovenous malformation
