Infectious causes (myelitis, autoimmune, etc):
(1) other enteroviruses (Coxsackievirus, Enterovirus, Echovirus)
(2) tick-borne encephalitis
(3) Guillain-Barre syndrome
(4) rabies
(5) botulism
(6) vertebral osteomyelitis
(7) schistosomiasis
(8) Campylobacter jejuni enteritis
(9) West Nile virus (West Nile myelitis)
(10) acute cerebellitis
Non-infectious causes:
(1) porphyria following ingestion of certain drugs
(2) trauma
(3) arsenic poisoning
(4) triorthocresyl phosphate poisoning
(5) organophosphorus insecticides
(6) snake bite
(7) spider bite
(8) scorpion sting
(9) status post intramuscular injections involving the sciatic nerve
(10) myopathies
(11) retroperitoneal tumors
These conditions should be considered if polio is unlikely (history of adequate vaccination, atypical clinical features, failure to demonstrate virus in stool, etc).
