An esophageal stricture may arise due to several causes.
Benign causes:
(1) ingestion of a corrosive substance
(2) eosinophilic esophagitis
(3) drug-induced esophagitis, including chemotherapy
(4) radiation injury
(5) iatrogenic following endoscopic therapy or at surgical anastomosis
(6) thermal injury
(7) infectious esophagitis
(8) prolonged use of a nasogastric tube
(9) autoimmune disease
(10) benign mucosal pemphigoid
(11) graft-vs-host disease (GVHD)
(12) Crohn's disease
Malignant causes:
(1) esophageal adenocarcinoma
(2) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
(3) metastatic lung cancer
(4) other metastatic cancer
