A number of conditions can result in an acute or subacute lung cavity.
Patient selection: time course >= 12 weeks based on clinical or imaging changes
Mycobacterial causes:
(1) tuberculosis
(2) atypical mycobacterial infection
Fungal causes:
(1) Histoplasmosis
(2) Blastomycosis
(3) chronic necrotizing Aspergillosis
(4) coccidioidomycosis
Parasitic causes:
(1) paragonimiasis
(2) Echinococcosis
Malignant causes:
(1) primary lung cancer
(2) metastatic cancer
Autoimmune disorders:
(1) rheumatoid arthritis
(2) granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Other:
(1) tracheobronchial papillomatosis due to HPV