The diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis can be challenging. There are several infections that may cause similar clinical findings, and many of these can be present in a patient with trypanosomiasis.
Infections that need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis:
(1) malaria
(2) tuberculosis
(3) typhoid fever
(4) HIV
(5) leishmaniasis
(6) toxoplasmosis
(7) viral encephalitis
Identification of any of these conditions in a patient does not exclude concurrent African trypanosomiasis.
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