Dextrose (d-glucose) is normally infused in the monohydrate form.
Molecular weight of dextrose (d-glucose) monohydrate: 198.17 grams (anhydrous weight for glucose is 180.16 g)
percent dextrose =
= (grams per dL)
grams per L = mg per mL =
= (percent) * 10
Characteristics:
(1) osmolarity of the solution (= molarity)
(2) calories involved
mOsm/L =
= (grams per L) * 1000 / (198.17) = 5.046 * (grams per liter)
kcal per liter =
= (3.4 kcal per gram) * (grams per liter)
where:
• Carbohydrate is usually quoted as 4 kcal per gram. Since dextrose monohydrate is partly water, only about 90% is glucose. If 4 kcal is used, then the caloric value should be 3.6 kcal. If the 3.4 kcal is correct, then 1 gram glucose anhydrous would be 3.7 kcal.
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