A mass grave has a number of features that need to be documented.
Features to document include:
(1) number of bodies buried
(2) use of a natural feature vs excavation vs other man-made space
(3) depth of the bodies
(4) means of excavation
(5) reason for the burial
(6) arrangement of the bodies
(7) attempts to conceal
The number of bodies that qualifies for a mass grave varies, with 2 the minimum number.
The grave is typically dug but may make use of a natural (ravine) or man-made (well, mine) feature.
The deeper the burial the less likely that the bodies will surface, but the greater the effort and change to the environment. A mechanical excavator may be used, but this needs access to the site.
Reasons for burial may be:
(1) to hide a crime
(2) to manage a large number of dead, as in an epidemic, battle or natural disaster
The arrangement of the bodies may give insights into the person doing hte burial. Some arrangements indicate respect while others indicate utter disregard.
Attempts to conceal may include:
(1) location at a remote site
(2) planting over the site
(3) removal of all identification from the bodies
(4) adding chemicals to accelerate decomposition
(5) lack of any markings or memorials
