Demyelinating Leukoencephalopathy in HIV-Positive Patient

Is the patient being treated with HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)?

Does the patient have poorly controlled HIV replication with one or more AIDS defining conditions?

Does the patient have HIV-associated dementia?

Does a T2-weighted MRI scan show hyperintensities in white matter, either multifocal or diffuse?

Is there another cause for leuko-encephalopathy that can explain the findings better?

• widespread myelin loss and axonal injury?

• an intense perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and monocytes?

• high levels of HIV RNA?