A jellyfish envenomations can result in the Delayed Jellyfish Envenomation Syndrome (DJES). Jellyfish venoms are complex and can have diverse effects.
Patient selection: jellyfish exposure
Features of DJES:
(1) onset 2 or more hours after exposure
(2) dysfunction in one or more organs or systems
Possible mechanisms:
(1) persistent nematocyst rupture
(2) slow onset of toxic effect on microvasculature
(3) mitochondrial dysfunction
Organs or functions that may show dysfunction:
(1) heart
(2) kidney
(3) liver
(4) coagulation (with hemorrhage)
(5) lung
Severe cases can have multi-organ failure (MOF), shock and death.
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Specialty: Toxicology, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care
