Renal injury can occur because of dehydration. The pattern of injury may vary from severe acute injury (associated with prerenal azotemia) or chronic environmental exposures.
Risk factors:
(1) moderate to severe dehydration (exposure to high temperature, protracted vomiting)
(2) intense physical activity
(3) insufficient rehydration
(4) other sources of renal injury (nephrotoxic drugs, autoimmune disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, etc)
Diagnosis:
(1) evidence of acute or chronic renal injury following dehydration
(2) exclusion of other explanations
(3) prevention by adequate hydration
Some investigators have linked renal injury to rehydration with fructose-rich soft drinks.
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