Oakley et al reported criteria for the diagnosis of primary complex motor stereotypies in children. The authors are from the Johns Hopkins University and Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore.
Criteria for a primary complex motor stereotypy:
(1) repetitive, purposeless, rhythmic movements
(2) fixed pattern (bilateral flapping, etc)
(3) not better classified as a mannerism, complulsion or tic
(4) absence of a premonitory urge
(5) temporary suppression of movements by an external stimulus or distraction
(6) duration >= 4 weeks
(7) exclusion of a secondary cause (psychiatric, neurologic, etc)
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