Klen et al reported the COVID-19 Early Warning Score (COEWS) for evaluating a hospitalized patient with COVID-19. The authors are from multiple institutions in Europe and South America.
Patient selection: COVID-19
Outcome: death or mechanical ventilation in the next 48 hours
Parameters:
(1) SpO2 in percent
(2) absolute neutrophil count per microliter
(3) hemoglobin in g/dL
(4) platelet count per microliter
(5) percent lymphocytes, from 0 to 100
(6) blood glucose in mg/dL
(7) sex
|
Parameter |
Finding |
Points |
|
SpO2 |
> 95% |
0 |
|
|
93 to 95% |
1 |
|
|
91 to 92% |
2 |
|
|
89 to 90% |
3 |
|
|
87 to 88% |
4 |
|
|
85 to 86% |
5 |
|
|
< 85% |
6 |
|
absolute neutrophil count |
< 1,500 per µL |
1 |
|
|
1,500 to 8,000 |
0 |
|
|
8,100 to 9,000 |
1 |
|
|
9,100 to 10,000 |
2 |
|
|
10,100 to 11,000 |
3 |
|
|
11,100 to 12,000 |
4 |
|
|
12,100 to 13,000 |
5 |
|
|
> 13,000 per µL |
6 |
|
hemoglobin |
< 10 g/dL |
2 |
|
|
10 to 11.9 g/dL |
1 |
|
|
12 to 17.9 g/dL |
0 |
|
|
18 to 19.9 g/dL |
1 |
|
|
>= 20 g/dL |
2 |
|
platelet count |
> 400,000 per µL |
1 |
|
|
150,000 to 400,000 |
0 |
|
|
< 150,000 per µL |
1 |
|
lymphocytes |
< 8% |
1 |
|
|
8 to 20% |
0 |
|
|
> 20% |
1 |
|
blood glucose |
> 280 mg/dL |
4 |
|
|
235 to 280 mg/dL |
3 |
|
|
188 to 234 mg/dL |
2 |
|
|
141 to 187 mg/dL |
1 |
|
|
90 to 140 mg/dL |
0 |
|
|
< 90 mg/dL |
1 |
|
sex |
female |
0 |
|
|
male |
1 |
total score =
= SUM(points for all of the parameters)
Interpretation
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 21
|
Total Score |
Risk Category |
|
0 to 3 |
low |
|
4 or 5 |
moderate |
|
6 or 7 |
high |
|
>= 8 |
critical |
Performance:
• The area under the ROC curve is 0.70.
Specialty: Infectious Diseases
