Contraindications for external cephalic version - gestational factors:
(1) third trimester bleeding
(2) multiple gestations (twins, triplets, etc)
(3) oligohydramnios
(4) uteroplacental insufficiency
(5) a nuchal cord
(6) significant cephalopelvic disproportion
Contraindications for external cephalic version - maternal factors:
(1) history of cesarean section
(2) history of significant uterine surgery
(3) uterine anomaly
Conditions associated with reduced success for external version:
(1) maternal obesity
(2) excessive fetal weight
(3) advanced gestation
(4) primiparity
(5) anterior implantation of the placenta
