Conditions That May Weaken Bone Due to Osteoporosis and/or Osteomalacia

vitamin D deficiency

osteomalacia

chronic hypervitaminosis A

osteoporosis (increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblastic)

anorexia nervosa or bulimia

mixed (osteoporosis, nutritional osteomalacia)

lacto-vegetarian dieting

osteomalacia (especially if high in phosphates and low in calcium)

prolonged parenteral nutrition

osteomalacia (nutritional, may include aluminum)

malnutrition

osteomalacia

calcium deficiency or malabsorption

osteomalacia

phosphate deficiency or malabsorption

osteomalacia

rickets of prematurity

osteomalacia

hyperparathyroidism, primary (parapthyroid adenoma or hyperplasia)

osteoporosis

hyperthyroidism

osteoporosis (stimulation of osteoclasts)

Cushing's syndrome

osteoporosis (decreased osteoblastic activity)

senile, postmenopausal

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

hyperprolactinemia

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

Klinefelter's syndrome

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

castratrion of ovaries or testes

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

Turner syndrome

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

acromegaly

osteoporosis (with hypogonadism)

growth hormone deficiency

mixed (poor mineralization)

Addison's disease

osteoporosis (with excessive hydrocortisone replacement)

diabetes mellitus

mixed (renal osteodystrophy, drugs), increased falls risk

pregnancy and lactation

mixed

hypoparathyroidism

mixed (decreased osteoblastic activity; low calcium)

leukemia

osteoporosis (therapy, especially corticosteroids)

systemic mastocytosis

osteoporosis

multiple myeloma

osteoporosis (activation of osteoclasts, deactivation of osteoblasts)

oncogenic osteomalacia

osteomalacia (renal phosphate wasting)

neurofibromatosis type I

osteomalacia

glucocorticoid (see Cushing's disease)

osteoporosis (see Cushing's)

anticonvulsants (phenytoin, Phenobarbital)

osteomalacia (multifactorial)

heparin, high doses for > 3 months

osteoporosis

L-thyroxine replacement, excessive (see hyperthyroidism)

osteoporosis (see hyperthyroidism)

chronic lithium therapy

osteoporosis (hyperparathyroidism)

aromatase inhibitors

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

chemotherapy

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists

osteoporosis (hypogonadism)

chronic use of phosphate binding antacids

osteomalacia (low phosphate)

extended use of tetracyclines

osteomalacia (depression bone growth)

diuretics causing hypercalcuria

osteomalacia

neuroleptic agents

hypogonadism (secondary to hyperprolactinemia)

cyclosporine A

osteoporosis

tacrolimus (FK506)

osteoporosis

drugs causing calciuria

osteomalacia (loss of calcium)

drugs causing calcium malabsorption

osteomalacia (low calcium)

radioactive iodine

osteomalacia (hypoparathyroidism)

thiazolidinediones

osteoporosis

SSRI antidepressants

osteoporosis

immobility, prolonged bedrest

osteoporosis

space flight

osteoporosis

spinal cord disorders

osteoporosis

SLE

osteoporosis and osteomalacia (renal disease, drugs, systemic inflammation)

rheumatoid arthritis

osteoporosis (localized periarticular)

juvenile polyarticular arthritis

osteoporosis

ankylosing spondylitis

osteoporosis

sarcoidosis

osteoporosis (hypercalcemia)

epidermolysis bullosa

osteoporosis

primary biliary cirrhosis

mixed osteoporosis and osteomalacia (hepatic osteodystrophy)

hemochromatosis

osteomalacia (hypoparathyroidism, hepatic osteodystrophy)

primary sclerosing cholangitis

mixed osteoporosis and osteomalacia (hepatic osteodystrophy)

alcohol abuse

mixed (nutritional osteomalacia,; osteoporosis from hypogonadism, estrogen excess)

celiac disease

osteomalacia (malabsorption)

Crohn's disease