Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) can arise in Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes if certain conditions are present. It is important to identify the precipitating causes so that they can be treated.
Conditions that may precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis include:
(1) acute pancreatitis
(2) alcohol abuse
(3) drugs (thiazides, corticosteroids, sympathomimetic agents, antipsychotic drugs, pentamidine, HIV protease inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitor)
(4) eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, other)
(5) end-stage renal failure
(6) hyperthyroidism
(7) inadequate insulin therapy including discontinuation or insulin pump malfunction
(8) inadequate medical care
(9) inborn error of metabolism
(10) infection (sepsis, pneumonia, UTI, malaria, influenza, COVID-19, dental infection, etc)
(11) myocardial infarction
(12) pregnancy, lactation
(13) protracted vomiting
(14) pulmonary embolism
(15) severe liver disease
(16) starvation or fasting, including ketogenic diet
(17) stroke
(18) substance abuse
(19) trauma or postoperative state
(20) cytokine storm
(21) major adverse drug reaction (DRESS, etc)
(22) any other condition associated with acute stress
