Features shared with toxic leukoencephalopathy:
(1) abnormalities confined to the periventricular white matter (PVWM)
(2) reduced diffusion on diffusion weight imaging, usually without contrast enhancement
Features that distinguish from toxic leukoencephalopathy:
(1) history
(2) clinical presentation
(3) different appearance in other MR sequences
Conditions in the differential diagnosis ("mimics") of toxic leukoencephalopathy:
(1) osmotic demyelination
(2) acute hepatic encephalopathy
(3) infectious encephalopathy or mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS)
(4) hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
(5) acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
(6) progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
(7) PML-IRIS
(8) acute necrotizing encephalopathy
(9) acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
