Idiopathic toe walking refers to the occurrence without an identifiable explanation.
Spinal cord disorder:
(1) spina bifida
(2) tethered cord syndrome
Inherited disorder:
(1) arylsulfatase A deficiency
(2) muscular dystrophy
(3) Angelman's syndrome
(4) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder (hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type 1A)
Psychiatric:
(1) autism spectrum disorder
(2) schizophrenia
Traumatic injury:
(1) fracture or soft tissue injury
(2) puncture wounds
(3) scarring following burns or accidents
Autoimmune disorder:
(1) ankylosing spondylitis
Neurologic disorder:
(1) cerebral palsy
(2) peripheral neuropathy
Malformation:
(1) talipes equinus
(2) limb length discrepancy
Muscle or tendon disorder:
(1) transient focal dystonia of the lower leg muscles
(2) tumor within the gastrocnemius muscle
(3) venous malformation within the gastrocnemius muscle
(4) disorder of the Achilles tendon
(5) peroneal muscular atrophy
