Complications from the needle passage:
(1) penetration of bowel wall
(2) hemorrhage after penetration of an artery and/or vein
(3) cellulitis
Complications following urine decompression:
(1) vasovagal reaction following sudden decompression
(2) rupture of veins in the bladder mucosa, resulting in bloody urine
(3) post-obstructive diuresis
(4) bladder dysfunction secondary to excessive distention
Risk factors for complications:
(1) attempting to tap a bladder that is not palpable
(2) inexperience
(3) blind needle sticks in different directions
(4) pushing the needle in too deep
(5) sudden release of a large volume of urine
(6) significant obesity
(7) coagulopathy
