Clupeotoxin

Source of toxin: ingestion of toxic dinoflagellate by the fish with storage in muscles (biomagnification). A possible dinoflagellate is Ostreopis siamensis, which produces a palytoxin.

Onset is often within an hour of ingestion.

Clinical features:

(1) nausea and vomiting

(2) abdominal pain

(3) diarrhea

(4) metallic taste

(5) neurological symptoms (dilated pupils, headache, tingling sensation, muscular cramps, paralysis)

(6) variable hypotension

(7) variable cyanosis

The mortality rate is high in severe intoxications.