Masaoka et al proposed a clinical staging system for thymoma in 1981 which is still widely used.
Extent of Tumor
Stage
macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
I
(1) macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue, mediastinal pleura, or both
(2) microscopic invasion into capsule
II
macroscopic invasion into a neighboring organ (pericardium, great vessel, lung, etc.)
III
pleural and/or pericardial dissemination
IVA
lymphogenous and/or hematogenous metastasis
IVB
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Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general