Children with neuroblastoma may be clinically staged using the scheme proposed by the Children's Cancer Study Group A in 1971.
Stage |
Description |
I |
• tumor confined to organ or structure of origin |
II |
• tumor extending in continuity beyond the organ or structure of origin without crossing midline • regional lymph nodes on the homolateral side may be involved |
III |
• tumors extending in continuity beyond the midline • bilateral involvement of regional lymph nodes |
IV |
• remote disease involving skeleton, organs, soft tissue • involvement of remote lymph nodes |
IV-S |
• criteria for stage I or II, AND • remote disease in one or more of the following: liver, skin or bone marrow (with no radiographic evidence of bone metastases on complete bone survey) |
Staging workup (in 1971):
(1) X-rays of chest and skeleton, including skull and long bones
(2) intravenous pyelogram (excretory urogram)
(3) bone marrow examination
(4) determination of extent of primary disease
Additional studies that may be helpful
(1) inferior vena cavagram
(2) lymphangiogram
(3) urinary catecholamine excretion
(4) liver scan
(5) special roentgen views of the neural foramina
(6) myelogram
Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general