Atrial failure may be associated with a range of signs and symptoms. These may be overshadowed if there is also ventricular failure. The authors are from Spain, Canada and the United States.
Patient selection: atrial failure
Signs and symptoms associated with atrial failure include:
(1) syncope
(2) shortness of breath
(3) angina pectoris
(4) palpitations
(5) neurologic deficits
(6) easy fatiguability or exercise intolerance
Complications associated with atrial failure may also have signs and symptoms:
(1) stroke
(2) myocardial ischemia
(3) heart failure
(4) pulmonary hypertension
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