A lesion involving upper motor neurons will result in a number of clinical findings.
Locations of the upper motor neurons:
(1) premotor cortex and supplementary motor area
(2) primary motor neurons
Descending tracts:
(1) limbic motor area
(2) vestibulospinal tracts
(3) reticulospinal tracts
(4) tectospinal tracts
(5) corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts (lateral and ventral pyramidal tracts)
Clinical findings:
(1) decrease in dexterity
(2) slowing of movements
(3) muscle weakness
(4) spastic muscles
(5) pathologic reflexes and pathologic hyperreflexia
(6) pseudobulbar palsy (if cranial motor neurons affected)
