The “classic triad” of renal cell carcinoma is:
(1)
hematuria (50-60%)
(2) abdominal or flank pain (40%)
(3) palpable mass in abdomen or flank (30-40%
The presence of all 3 findings is seen in less than 10% of patients.
Other findings may include:
(1) pain elsewhere: chest, back or musculoskeletal
(2) systemic findings (fever, night sweats, malaise, fatigue, chills)
(3) weight loss or cachexia (anorexia, early satiety)
(4) dyspnea
(5) metastases including tumor thromboembolism, often to skin or bone
(6) paraneoplastic findings (rash, anemia, hypercalcemia, etc)
(7) varicocele in a male (due to obstruction of the testicular vein)
