A patient with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) may or may not present with clinical signs and symptoms.
|
Size of VSD as Percent of Aortic Annulus
|
Defect Size
|
|
< 25%
|
small
|
|
25 to 75%
|
moderate
|
|
> 75%
|
large
|
Clinical findings may include:
(1) systolic murmur
(2) infective endocarditis
(3) shunt
(4) left ventricular overload
(5) heart failure
(6) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
(7) aortic or tricuspid valve regurgitation
(8) subpulmonary stenosis
(9) subaortic stenosis
(10) thromboembolic events
(11) heart block or arrhythmia (if treated)
|
Finding
|
Small Defect
|
Moderate Defect
|
Large Defect
|
|
shunt
|
small left-to-right
|
small to moderate left-to-right
|
moderate to large left-to-right, or right-to-left
|
|
left ventricular overload
|
none
|
mild to moderate
|
marked
|
|
heart failure
|
none
|
none to mild
|
moderate to marked
|
|
PAH
|
none
|
none to mild
|
moderate to marked
|
