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Clinical Features of Vaccine-Associated Poliomyelitis Associated with Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses (VDPV)

Description

Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) contains live poliovirus and is used widely in developing countries because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to administer. Unfortunately it can cause poliomyelitis in susceptible individuals. Use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) has reduced the risk of this complication significantly.


 

Someone who is immunodeficient (primarily with a B-cell disorder):

(1) is at greater risk for developing vaccine-associated poliomyelitis

(2) is at greater risk for dying if poliomyelitis develops

(3) may shed the virus for years

 

A person is at greater risk of becoming secondarily infected with OPV if:

(1) the person is not adequately immunized against polio AND

(2) the person is a household or other close contact of a recently vaccinated individual OR the person is exposed to fecally contaminated water

 

The risk of transmission is greater after the first dose of the oral vaccine.

 


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