Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection that can affect the central nervous system.
Pathogen: TBEV (tick-borne encephalitis virus)
Distribution: central Europe, Siberia, Far East
Routes of infection:
(1) tick bite
(2) ingestion (raw goat milk, other)
Clinical syndromes:
(1) monophasic (abortive after first phase) - lasts 2 to 7 days
(2) biphasic, second phase separated by 1 to 21 days from first phase
Features of monophasic syndrome (first phase of biphasic syndrome):
(1) fever
(2) headache
(3) fatigue
(4) myalgia
(5) arthralgia
(6) general malaise
(7) anorexia
(8) nausea
Features of second phase:
(1) central nervous system involvement (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis) with headache and altered level of consciousness
(2) high fever
(3) nausea and vomiting
(4) photophobia
(5) delirium or psychosis
(6) tremor or flaccid paresis
(7) respiratory failure
(8) cranial nerve palsy
(9) autonomic dysfunction
