Inheritance: autosomal dominant
Types:
(1) CMT1: demyelinating, with earlier age of onset
(2) CMT2: axonal
Physical findings in the feet and lower legs:
(1) pes cavus (high longitudinal arch), pes planus (flat foot), equinovarus, or other foot deformity
(2) claw (hammer) toes
(3) peroneal muscle atrophy (over the distal fibulae)
(4) slowly progressive distal muscle weakness
(5) tight Achilles tendon
(6) restless leg syndrome in about a third of patients with CMT2 form
Changes to the gait:
(1) steppage gait
(2) toe walking
(3) unable to walk on the heels
(4) loss of balance
(5) frequent tripping
Physical findings in the hands:
(1) difficulty with fine finger movements
(2) tremor in about a third of patients
(3) slowly progressive distal muscle weakness
(4) atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles
(5) claw hand deformity
Neurologic changes:
(1) absent or diminished deep tendon reflexes in the upper and lower extremities
(2) thickened nerves in some patients with CMT1 form
(3) cold intolerance
(4) decreased vibratory sense in the extremities
