The Jackson's Syndrome is associated with involvement of the lower three cranial nerves (cranial nerves X to XII).
Diagnosis
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII
Other
CSS
x
x
x
Cranial Nerve
Clinical Findings If Damaged
X (vagus)
ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx and vocal cords
XI (accessory, spinal)
ipsilateral weakness of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
XII (hypoglossal)
ipsilateral paralysis and atrophy of the tongue
Additional findings:
(1) anesthesia of the ipsilateral pharynx and larynx (due to involvement of CN X and XI bulbar nerves)
Usually only one side is affected although bilateral involvement may occur. The weakness of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles should indicate the involved side. The tongue will deviate to the affected (paralyzed) side.
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