A patient with chronic refractory angina often has a poor quality of life.
Clinical criteria:
(1) presence of angina secondary to coronary artery disease
(2) chronic (> 3 months)
(3) often unremitting symptoms
(4) refractory to all therapeutic modalities (any combination of medical therapy, angioplasty and/or bypass surgery) or unable to undergo further therapy
(5) exclusion of noncardiac causes of pain
Common findings:
(1) Class III or IV in the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification with significant impairment
(2) poor general health status
(3) poor psychological status (distress, depression, etc)
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