Factors impacting the clinical features of the intoxication:
(1) age of the patient
(2) acute vs chronic intoxication
(3) severity of the intoxication
(4) comorbid conditions, especially in the elderly
Clinical findings may include:
(1) hypotension (more common with acute intoxications)
(2) atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias
(3) nausea and vomiting (more common with acute intoxications)
(4) seizures
(5) respiratory failure
(6) myocardial infarction
Laboratory findings:
(1) metabolic acidosis (lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis)
(2) compensatory respiratory alkalosis
(3) hypokalemia (more common with an acute intoxication)
(4) hyperglycemia (more common with acute intoxications)
(5) leukocytosis (more common with acute intoxications)
(6) elevated serum theophylline levels
(7) hypophosphatemia
(8) hypomagnesemia
