Classification of the Scorpion Consensus Expert Group for Manifestations of a Scorpion Sting

Class	Manifestation
I	local
II	minor and not life-threatening
III	severe and potentially life-threatening

 

Local manifestations (Class I) include:

(1) bullous eruption

(2) burning sensation

(3) ecchymosis

(4) erythema

(5) hyperesthesia

(6) itching (pruritis)

(7) necrosis

(8) paresthesias

(9) pain

(10) purpura and/or petechiae

(11) swelling

(12) tingling

 

Minor manifestations (Class II) include:

(1) abdominal distension

(2) agitation, restlessness, excitement

(3) anisocoria

(4) arthralgia

(5) ataxia

(6) confusion

(7) convulsions

(8) diarrhea

(9) wheezing

(10) dry mouth

(11) dystonia

(12) encephalopathy

(13) fasciculations

(14) gastrointestinal bleeding

(15) hematuria

(16) headache

(17) hypertension

(18) hyperthermia or hypothermia (change in body temperature)

(19) lacrimation

(20) local muscular cramps

(21) miosis

(22) mydriasis

(23) myoclonus

(24) nausea

(25) nystagmus

(26) odinophagia

(27) pallor

(28) pancreatitis

(29) general paresthesias

(30) priapism

(31) prostration

(32) ptosis

(33) rhinorrhea

(34) salivation

(35) somnolescence, lethargy, drowsiness

(36) stridor

(37) sweating (diaphoresis)

(38) tachycardia

(39) thirst

(40) urinary retention

(41) vomiting

 

Severe manifestations (Class III) - one or more of the following:

(1) hypotension

(2) ventricular arrhythmia

(3) bradycardia

(4) cardiovascular collapse

(5) cyanosis

(6) dyspnea

(7) pulmonary edema

(8) paralysis

(9) Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) 3 to 6 in the absence of sedation