Simon et al reported a classification of gynecomastia that can help to guide surgical management. The authors are from Mount Sinai Scholl of Medicine in New York City.
Patient selection: male with gynecomastia
Parameters:
(1) size of breast enlargement
(2) skin redundancy
Size of Breast Enlargement
Skin Redundancy
Grade
small visible enlargement
none
1
moderate
none
2A
moderate
present
2B
marked
marked
3 (high-grade)
Grade 3 may resemble pendulous female breasts.
Grade
Surgical Approach
1 or 2A
circumareolar incision
2B
circumareolar incision and skin excision
3
mastectomy with free nipple graft
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