Ordog et al classified changes to a missile after penetration. The authors are from the King/Drew-UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Parameters:
(1) changes to jacket, if jacketed ammunition
(2) deformity
(3) fragmentation
(4) fracturing
(5) mushrooming (expansion in caliber or diameter)
|
Jacket Fracturing and Avulsion |
Grade |
|
no jacket |
NA |
|
none |
0 |
|
< 50% |
I |
|
50 - 99% |
II |
|
100% |
III |
|
Deformity |
Grade |
|
none (intact without distortion) |
0 |
|
mild distortion |
I |
|
moderate distortion |
II |
|
unrecognizable |
III |
|
Fragmentation |
Grade |
|
0 pieces (bullet intact) |
0 |
|
1 or 2 additional pieces |
I |
|
3 to 10 additional pieces |
II |
|
> 10 additional pieces |
III |
|
Fracturing |
Grade |
|
none (bullet intact) |
0 |
|
1 - 33% |
I |
|
34 - 66% |
II |
|
67 - 100% |
III |
increase due to mushrooming =
= ((final diameter in mm) - (original diameter in mm)) / (original diameter) * 100%
|
Mushrooming |
Grade |
|
none |
0 |
|
increase < 100% |
I |
|
100 - 200% |
II |
|
200 - 300% |
III |
|
> 300% |
IV |
Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, Surgery, general
