Miyazaki et al reported a classification for halitosis.
Classification
Description
genuine halitosis
malodour present and above social norms
pseudo-halitosis
patient perceives breath malodour but none detectable; improves with counseling and oral hygiene
halitophobia
persistent belief in halitosis despite absence of objective evidence and persisting after appropriate therapy
Subclassification for Genuine Halitosis
Genuine Halitosis
Description
physiologic
arising from a putrefactive process within oral cavity, often arising from dorsoposterior tongue
pathologic, oral
arising from an oral disease or pathologic condition
pathologic, extraoral
arising from nasal, paranasal, laryngeal or lung tissue; alternatively, volatile chemicals carried by blood to lungs from which exhaled (liver disease, other)
temporary
due to dietary factor
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