Kay et al reported a classification for ring avulsion injury. This is a modification of the classification of Urbaniak et al. The authors are from the Christopher M, Kleinert Institute for Hand and Micro Surgery in Louisville, Kentucky.
Patient selection: ring avulsion injury
This classification is a modification of the one reported by Urbaniak et al. Class II of Urbaniak is separated into Class II and III, with Urbaniak's Class III becoming Class IV.
Circulation
Arterial or Venous Compromise
Skeletal Injury
Class
adequate
NA
NA
I
inadequate
both or unknown
none
II
inadequate
arterial
none
IIa
inadequate
venous
none
IIb
inadequate
both or unknown
present
III
inadequate
arterial
present
IIIa
inadequate
venous
present
IIIb
none
NA
complete amputation
IV
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