Hastings and Graham proposed a classification for ectopic ossification around the elbow based on the functional range of motion.
Anatomic Findings or Imaging Studies
Class
ectopic ossification without functional limitation
I
subtotal limitation of (flexion or extension) and/or (pronation or supination)
II
ankylosis with total limitation of (flexion or extension) and/or (pronation or supination)
III
Subclassification of Class II and III
Subclass
limitation in flexion/extension plane
A
limitation in pronation/supination plane
B
limitation in both planes
C
where:
• It is possible that a patient may have ankylosis in one plane and subtotal limitation in the other. In this case the class will be assigned based on the ankylosis.
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