Dindo, Demartines and Clavien modified the Clavien classification for surgical complications. The authors are from the University of Zurich.
Patient selection: surgical complication
Parameters:
(1) general features
(2) additional findings
|
General Features
|
Additional Findings
|
Grade
|
|
any deviation from normal post-operative course with a simple intervention (without a special pharmacological or invasive intervention)
|
Interventions may include: antiemetic, antipyretic, analgesic, diuretic, electrolytes, physiotherapy and bedside opening of a wound infection
|
I
|
|
non-invasive intervention
|
pharmacological, blood transfusion, TPN
|
II
|
|
invasive intervention (surgical, endoscopic, radiologic)
|
not under general anesthesia
|
IIIa
|
|
|
under general anesthesia
|
IIIb
|
|
life-threatening complication with ICU management
|
single organ dysfunction
|
IVa
|
|
|
multi-organ dysfunction
|
IVb
|
|
death
|
|
V
|
If the complication is present at discharge then a suffix "d" (for disability) is added. The patient requires follow-up for evaluation.
