Cordova and Moschella reported a grading scheme for evaluating a male with gynecomastia. The authors are from Universita degli Studi di Palermo in Sicily.
Patient selection: male with gynecomastia
Parameters:
(1) distribution of additional tissue
(2) nipple-areola complex relative to infra-mammary fold (transition between the skin of the inferior edge of breast tissue and skin below the breast)
Additional Tissue
Nipple Areola Complex
Grade
limited to areolar region
no definite infra-mammary fold
I
generalized hypertrophy with protrusion but without ptosis
above infra-mammary fold
II
female-like breast ptosis
at infra-mammary fold or up to 1 cm below
III
female-like breast ptosis, pronounced
more than 1 cm below infra-mammary fold
IV
where:
• The angle between the line of the anterior torso surface and the line connecting the inframammary fold with the nipple areolar complex could be used to define the categories.
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