Carinci et al reported a staging system for mandibular fractures. The authors are from Civil Hospital in Rovigo, Italy.
Separation of the mandible into 2 regions based on a line passing from the insertion of the mentalis muscle, through the mental foramen and up to the mandibular incisure. This delineates:
(1) alveolar or anterior (A)
(2) basal or posterior (B)
Fractures result in:
(1) mobile fragments in the A and/or B regions
(2) complete separation
|
Mobile Fragments |
Complete Separation |
Fracture Stage |
|
1 |
0 |
F1 |
|
2 |
0 |
F2 |
|
NA |
1 (mobile fragment on A matches one on B) |
F2 |
|
NA |
2 |
F3 |
|
NA |
>= 3 |
F4 |
where:
• It is unclear how 3 or more mobile fragments that do not result in a complete separation are staged.
• In Figure 5 an F3 may include 1 complete and 1 mobile fragment. It also shows an F4 as 2 complete and 1 mobile fragment.
Mandibular subsites to further localize the fracture:
|
Zone |
Description |
|
0 |
anterior through a vertical line through the mental foramen |
|
1 |
between a vertical line through the mental foramen and a vertical line behind the second molar |
|
2 |
between a vertical line behind the second molar and a horizontal line through the base of the second molar (includes the angle) |
|
3 |
between the horizontal line passing through the base of the second molar and 2 slanted lines arising in the mandibular incisure, with one separating the coronoid process and the second separating the condylar process. |
|
4 |
above zone 3, including the coronoid process |
|
5 |
above zone 3, including the condylar process |
Specialty: Otolaryngology, Emergency Medicine, Surgery, general
ICD-10: ,
