Arias-Stella developed a classification for chronic mountain sickness (CMS) based on the description of Monge for a disorder in residents of the Andes in Peru.
Type |
Suggested Term |
Functional Group |
I |
chronic soroche |
low altitude resident who has failed to adapt to high altitude |
II |
Monge's syndrome |
secondary hypoventilation syndrome in person adapted to high altitude |
III |
Monge's disease |
primary hypoventilation syndrome in person adapted to high altitude |
Secondary causes of hypoventilation:
(1) obesity
(2) kyphoscoliosis
(3) neuromuscular disorder affecting the thoracic cage
(4) chronic cardiovascular disease
(5) chronic pulmonary disease
Criteria for Type III chronic mountain sickness:
(1) absence of a secondary cause for hypoventilation
(2) diminished respiratory response to hypoxemia and carbon dioxide
(3) polycythemia (according to Thomas et al, hemoglobin usually > 21.3 g/dL)
(4) cyanosis
Specialty: Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, Pulmonology, Neurology
ICD-10: ,