A Chiari malformation type I involves ectopia of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. It can be diagnosed on imaging studies but may present with a range of signs and symptoms.
Most common signs and symptoms:
(1) headache, typically occipital (64%)
(2) neck and/or back pain
(3) snoring
(4) persistent hiccups
(5) paresthesia in an upper extremity
Variable signs and symptoms (< 10%):
(1) vertigo
(2) visual disorder
(3) ataxia
(4) sleep apnea
(5) hearing loss
(6) opisthotonus
(7) head tilt
(8) dysphagia
(9) drooling
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