The Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES) of the National Institute of Mental Health was developed for research in the general population. It can be used to monitor a person before, during and after intervention.
The instrument consists of 20 statements.
Responses
Number of Days in Past Week
Negative
Positive
rarely or none of the time
< 1 day
0
3
some or a little of the time
1 - 2 days
1
2
occasionally or a moderate amount of time
3 - 4 days
2
1
most or all of the time
5 - 7 days
3
0
where:
• questions 4, 8, 12 and 16 were positive in content
score =
= SUM (points for all 20 questions)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 60
• A score > 16 was considered "at risk" for depression, although this seems set a bit low.
• No score was set to indicate depression, but the higher the score the more likely it would be (> 40 was selected for the implementation).
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