Cephalohematoma is an uncommon scalp swelling seen soon after birth.
Features:
(1) hematoma primarily beneath the periosteum of the cranium with some possible above
(2) most often over the parietal bones
(3) does not cross suture lines or cross the midline (in distinction from caput succedaneum)
Risk factors for cephalohematoma:
(1) birth trauma, including use of forceps or vacuum-assistance
(2) coagulation disorder (hereditary factor defect, severe thrombocytopenia)
(3) macrosomia
(4) prolonged labor
(5) abnormal fetal presentation (occipital posterior or transverse occipital)
(6) multiple gestation
Ultrasound used to distinguish from subgaleal hemorrhage and caput succedaneum.
Cephalohematomas usually respond spontaneously and are benign.
Rare complications:
(1) infection
(2) calcification or ossification
