Penetrating injuries of the tracheobronchial wall can be due to a number of factors.
Categories:
(1) trauma - penetrating or blunt
(2) iatrogenic
(3) accidental aspiration of a foreign object
Iatrogenic causes:
(1) endotracheal intubation
(2) rigid bronchoscopy
(3) balloon bronchoplasty
(4) endoscopic procedure (EUS-TBNA, etc)
(5) surgery
(6) tracheostomy
(7) tracheobronchial stent removal
